The depth at which the quakes occurred, as well as their low frequency, suggests they might be so-called Deep Long Period earthquakes, or DPLs, which occur in volcanic areas. The tremors occurred at depths of about 15 to 25 miles (25 to 40 kilometers), close to the boundary between the crust and the mantle, and much deeper than normal crustal earthquakes. The earthquakes were small, with magnitudes of between 0.8 and 2.1. The instruments array detected two swarms of earthquakes about one year apart, in 20. In January 2010, scientists set up a series of seismometers, or earthquake detectors, on Marie Byrd Land, a highland region of West Antarctica. The new volcano's discovery was accidental. This water will rush beneath the ice toward the sea and feed into one of the major ice streams that drain ice from Antarctica into the Ross Ice Shelf, Wiens explained. When it erupts-which no one can predict-the volcano "will create millions of gallons of water beneath the ice-many lakes full," study leader Doug Wiens, professor of earth and planetary science at Washington University in St. (Also see "Giant Undersea Volcanoes Found Off Antarctica.") The finding, detailed in the current issue of Nature Geoscience, marks the first time that an active volcano has been discovered under the ice of the frozen continent. Evelyn-White.A newly discovered volcano found buried beneath a thick layer of ice in Antarctica could speed up ice loss and raise global sea levels when it erupts, scientists say. Note that, according to Hesiod, many of these beings are the children only of Nyx, not of Erebus. In Hyginus, preface to Fabulae, they are given as Ker (Fatality), Geras (Old Age), Thanatos (Death), Moros (Doom), Continentia (Continence), Hypnos (Sleep), the Oneiroi (Dreams), Eros (Passion), Eris (Discord), Miseria (Wretchedness), Petulantia (Wantonness), Nemesis (Retribution), Euphrosyne (Merriment), Philotes (Friendship), Misericordia (Compassion), the Moirae (Fates), the Hesperides, Styx, Epiphron, Porphyrion, and Epaphus. In Cicero, On the Nature of the Gods 3.17, the children of Erebus and Nyx are given as Eros (Passion), Apate (Guile), Phobos (Fear), Ponos (Toil), Nemesis (Retribution), Moros (Doom), Geras (Old Age), Thanatos (Death), the Keres (Fatalities), Oizys (Misery), Momos (Criticism), Philotes (Friendship), Apate (Deceit), Pertinacia (Obstinacy), the Moirae (Fates), the Hesperides, and the Oneiroi (Dreams). The poem now survives only as a fragment. Brown, Israel and Hellas (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1995), 1:57–58 Martin Bernal, Black Athena (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006), 3:171–73. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 451. According to other sources, however, Erebus was the father of these children as well (see above). Īccording to Hesiod, Nyx went on to have many more children on her own, without the help of her consort Erebus (among them the grim personifications Nemesis, Thanatos, and the Moirae). Įrebus, the personification of darkness, then married Nyx, the personification of night, and fathered two children with her:īut of Night were born Aether and Day, whom she conceived and bore from union in love with Erebus. From Chaos came forth Erebus and black Night. In truth at first Chaos came to be, but next wide-bosomed Earth, the ever-sure foundation of all the deathless ones who hold the peaks of snowy Olympus, and dim Tartarus in the depth of the wide-pathed Earth, and Eros (Love), fairest among the deathless gods, who unnerves the limbs and overcomes the mind and wise counsels of all gods and all men within them. Wikimedia Commons Public Domain Family TreeĪccording to Hesiod’s Theogony, Erebus and his sister Nyx were born to Chaos at the beginning of the cosmos: La Nuit (The Night) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1883). Some traditions, however, made Erebus the son of Chaos and Caligo (“Mist”), while others made him the son of Chronos (“Time”) and Ananke (“Necessity”). In the common account, known from Hesiod’s Theogony, Erebus was the child of Chaos, who begot him and his sister Nyx (“Night”) without a consort. Indeed, Erebus’ name was often used as a term for the Underworld, more or less interchangeable with Hades or Tartarus. AttributesĮrebus was associated primarily with darkness, especially the darkness of the Underworld. PronunciationĮrebus may be synonymous with Skotos (“Darkness”), who features in a cosmogonic poem by Alcman. Some scholars, however, have connected “Erebus” with the Semitic root ‘rb, meaning “to set as the sun, become dark” (compare to the Akkadian erebu and Hebrew erev, meaning “sunset”). Erebos) is usually thought to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root * h₁regʷ-os-, meaning “darkness” (similar to the Sanskrit rájas, Gothic riqiz, and Old Norse røkkr). The name “Erebus” (Greek Ἔρεβος, translit.
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